The recent train of storms has brought with it a significant recovery of water in Spain, with reservoirs gaining more than 4,300 hm³ and an increase in the surplus of rainfall of 18 points. However, these rains, although beneficial, have a direct impact on the soil and the ecosystems of the dehesa, generating both advantages and challenges for its sustainability.
? Benefits of Rainfall on the Dehesa and the Soil
✅ Recharging of aquifers and regeneration of vegetation
The water infiltrating the soil contributes to the recovery of springs and natural springs, which are fundamental for the balance of the dehesa ecosystem. In addition, the moisture favours the growth of grass and trees, providing food for livestock and restoring the landscape.
✅ Reduction of water stress in holm oaks and cork oaks
Water scarcity is one of the main factors affecting the regeneration of trees in the dehesa. With the arrival of abundant rainfall, these trees can strengthen their roots and improve their resistance to diseases such as the drought that has affected many areas in recent years.
✅ Increase in biodiversity
With more water available, the dehesa becomes a more favourable habitat for many animal and plant species, strengthening ecosystems and promoting the presence of pollinators and other key species.
⚠️ Risks Associated with Heavy Rainfall
? Erosion and loss of fertile soil
When heavy rain falls in short periods of time, the water can wash away the fertile layer of soil, affecting the capacity of the vegetation to grow. In areas with little vegetation cover, erosion can accelerate desertification and hinder the regeneration of the dehesa.
? Increased risk of fire in summer
Accelerated growth of grass and scrub can lead to a large accumulation of dry biomass when the hot months arrive, increasing the likelihood of forest fires. Without proper grazing and vegetation management, this excess natural fuel can become a problem.
? Competition between species
Although rainfall favours the growth of vegetation, it can also promote the expansion of invasive species that compete with native species, altering the balance of the ecosystem.
? The Importance of Sustainable Management
To maximise the benefits of these rains and reduce their negative impacts, it is essential to apply strategies for managing the soil and vegetation. Projects such as SOS Prodehesa Montado work on the regeneration of the dehesa, promoting sustainable management practices that help fix the soil, improve water infiltration and guarantee the resilience of the ecosystem. Rain is a blessing for the dehesa, but its long-term impact will depend on how the balance between water, vegetation and soil is managed.